Thinking out loud here, no pun intended. It seems to me that a close look at the commonalities between Bakhtin’s and Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language can help bring greater clarity to information, meaning, and understanding, and potentially answer the following three questions posed by Luciano Floridi’s Philosophy of Information:

1. Can an informational approach solve the mind-body problem?
2. Could epistemology be based on a theory of information?
3. What is the ontological status of information?

40. Upon “I know that there is my hand” there may follow the question “How do you know?” and the answer to that presupposes that this can be known in that way. So, instead of “I know that here is my hand”, one might say “Here is my hand”, and then add how one knows.